Hastelloy C276 (also known as Hastelloy C, UNS10276) and Alloy 20 are two high-performance alloy materials that are widely used in various industrial fields. Below is a comparative analysis of two alloys:
Hastelloy Alloy C276 offers superior resistance to a wider range of corrosive environments, those with reducing agents like wet chlorine gas, making it ideal for extremely harsh chemical processing applications, while Alloy Metal 20 is better suited for applications where resistance to sulfuric acid and chloride stress corrosion cracking is paramount, and is often considered more cost-effective and easier to fabricate. Huaxiao Metal Manufacturer provides all kinds of alloy products and the price is suitable and afforrable for you, welcome to inquiry and learn about the more details.
Huaxiao Metal Manufacturer also provides other alloys, such as Incoloy, Inconel, Monel, Precision Alloy, Titanium Alloy.
Supported Shape Products: Hastelloy Plate & Sheet, Hastelloy Coil, Hastelloy Bar, Hastelloy Strip, Hastelloy Pipe & Tube, Hastelloy Wire & Mesh.
This paper will compare Hastelloy C276 with Alloy 20, which will help you better understand the similarities and differences between the two materials and then choose the alloy that suits your needs.
What Is Hastelloy C276?
Chemical Composition
Hastelloy Alloy C276 is a super austenitic stainless steel containing nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, designed to resist various harsh corrosive environments. Welcome to inquiry and ask for the informations about alloy.
| Element | Composition Range (wt%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | 52.0 – 59.0 (or 52.0 – 60.0 according to some sources) |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.5 – 16.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 15.0 – 17.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 4.5 (or ≤ 5.0 or ≤ 0.030 according to some sources, but typically it is a balance element determined by the content of Ni, Cr, Mo, etc.) |
| Tungsten (W) | ≤ 3.0 (Note: Some alloy versions may not contain tungsten) |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.010 (or C+S ≤ 0.05, with sulfur content typically very low) |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.08 |
| Cobalt (Co) | ≤ 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.040 (or ≤ 0.03 according to some sources) |
| Sulfur (S) | Very low (typically part of the C+S specification ≤ 0.05) |
| Vanadium (V) | ≤ 0.35 (Note: Some alloy versions may not contain vanadium) |
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Physical properties
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.89 – 8.90 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1325 – 1370 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 10.8 W/mK (at 100°C, some sources may report slightly different values) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 12.4 µm/m°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 407 J/(kg·°C) |
| Elastic Modulus | 205 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.307 |
Mechanical properties
| Mechanical Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Ultimate) | ≥ 730 MPa (some sources may specify a minimum tensile strength of ≥ 690 MPa, depending on the heat treatment and condition) |
| Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | ≥ 283 MPa (this value may also vary depending on the heat treatment and condition) |
| Elongation at Break | ≥ 40% |
| Reduction of Area | N/A (typically not reported for Hastelloy C276, but it is a ductile material with good elongation) |
| Hardness (HRB) | ≤ 100 (some sources may specify hardness in other scales, such as HRC, with corresponding values) |
| Impact Strength | N/A (impact strength is not typically reported for Hastelloy C276 in standard specifications, but it is a tough material with good impact resistance) |
Performance Corrosion Resistance
Hastelloy Alloy C276: It can resist the corrosion of wet chlorine, various oxide chlorides, chloride salt solutions mixtures of sulfuric acid and oxidizing salts, sulfurous acid, and various concentrations of organic acids, even at boiling temperatures. Additionally, it can effectively pitting and crevice corrosion caused by chlorides and shows high corrosion resistance in seawater environments.
Alloy Metal 20: It has good resistance to oxidative moderately reducing corrosions, excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking, and good resistance to local corrosion. It can resist the erosion of various strong acids (such as sulfur acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.) and strong bases (such as sodium hydroxide, etc.), as well as good resistance to by chloride ions.
High-Temperature Stability:
Hastelloy Alloy C276: It maintains high strength and good mechanical properties at high temperatures (up to1500°F/815°C), and shows excellent oxidation resistance at even higher temperatures.
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What Is Alloy 20?
Alloy Metal 20 is a nickel-based alloy containing molybdenum and copper, which also exhibits excellent corrosion resistance. Huaxiao Metal Supplier is experienced and professional alloy factory, and as an exporter to around the world.
Chemical Composition
| Element | Composition Range (wt%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.07 (some sources specify ≤ 0.06) |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.0 (some sources specify ≤ 0.8) |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 (some sources specify ≤ 1.0) |
| Nickel (Ni) | 32.0 – 38.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 19.0 – 21.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2.0 – 3.0 |
| Copper (Cu) | 3.0 – 4.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance (typically 36 – 38 wt%, as it is the major constituent along with Ni and Cr) |
| Cobalt (Co) | ≤ 1.5 (not always listed in all specifications) |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.5 – 0.7 (or Nb+Ta ≤ 1.0 in some specifications) |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.025 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.015 |
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Physical properties
| Physical Properties | Specification/Data |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.08 g/cm³ (some sources specify 8.14 g/cm³ or 8.0 g/cm³, but 8.08 g/cm³ is a commonly accepted value) |
| Melting Point | 1357 – 1430°C (some sources specify a range of 1350 – 1400°C or 1370 – 1400°C, but 1357 – 1430°C encompasses these ranges) |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 455 J/(kg·°C) |
| Thermal Conductivity | Approximately 13.9 – 14.0 W/(m·K) (the range provided covers slight variations in measurement) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 14.7×10⁻⁶/K or 15.6 μm/m·°C (both values are within the range of typical measurements and may vary slightly depending on testing conditions) |
| Elastic Modulus | 1.8×10^5 MPa |
| Magnetic Properties | Non-magnetic |
Mechanical properties
| Mechanical Properties | Specification/Data |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Ultimate Tensile Strength, UTS) | ≥ 620 MPa (some sources specify a range of 620 – 820 MPa, but ≥ 620 MPa is a commonly required minimum value) |
| Yield Strength (0.2% Offset Yield Strength) | ≥ 300 MPa (some sources specify a range of 240 – 415 MPa, but ≥ 300 MPa is a typical minimum requirement) |
| Elongation at Break | ≥ 40% (this indicates good ductility and the ability to withstand plastic deformation before failure) |
| Hardness (Brinell Hardness, HB) | Not typically specified for Alloy 20, but can be in the range of 180 – 250 HB (dependent on heat treatment and condition) |
| Impact Strength | Good impact resistance, though specific values may vary depending on temperature and testing conditions |
| Fatigue Strength | Varies depending on the specific loading conditions, but Alloy 20 is known for its good fatigue resistance |
| Creep Strength | Excellent creep resistance at elevated temperatures, making it suitable for high-temperature applications |
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Cost Considerations
1. Material Composition and Corrosion Resistance:
Hastelloy C276: This high-performance nickel-based alloy is composed of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, iron, and tungsten, among other elements. Its unique composition provides exceptional corrosion resistance to a wide range of environments, including wet chlorine, oxidizing chlorides, chloride solutions, sulfuric acid, and oxidizing salts. This makes it ideal for harsh corrosion environments in industries such as chemicals, petrochemicals, flue gas desulfurization, pulp and paper, and environmental protection.
Alloy 20: This alloy is primarily developed for resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion. It has a strong resistance to sulfuric acid, as well as to phosphoric acid, nitric acid, chloride environments, chloride stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and crevice corrosion. It is widely used in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, power generation, and plastics industries.
1. Material Composition and Properties:
Hastelloy C276: This nickel-based alloy contains a blend of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, iron, and tungsten, offering exceptional corrosion resistance to a wide range of aggressive environments. Its high corrosion resistance and mechanical properties make it ideal for harsh industrial applications such as chemicals, petrochemicals, flue gas desulfurization, and more.
Alloy 20: An austenitic nickel-iron-chromium alloy, Alloy 20 is primarily developed for resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion. It also demonstrates strong resistance to phosphoric acid, nitric acid, chloride environments, chloride stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and crevice corrosion. Its specialized composition and resistance properties make it suitable for applications in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and power generation industries.
Due to its broader corrosion resistance and versatility in various environments, Hastelloy C276 often commands a higher price compared to Alloy 20, which is specialized for sulfuric acid resistance.
2. Mechanical Properties:
Hastelloy C276: This alloy exhibits high strength and ductility, making it difficult to machine and prone to strain hardening. It requires specific processing techniques, such as annealing after significant deformation, to maintain optimal corrosion resistance.
Alloy 20: While it also has good mechanical properties, it may not match the high strength and ductility of Hastelloy C276 in all cases. However, its cost-effectiveness in sulfuric acid-resistant applications can be a significant advantage.
Due to its superior corrosion resistance and broader applicability, Hastelloy C276 often commands a higher price compared to Alloy 20.
2. Industry Applications and Demand:
Hastelloy C276: This alloy’s versatility and high performance in severe corrosion environments make it a preferred choice in industries requiring high reliability and durability. Its demand is typically higher in applications where extreme corrosion resistance is crucial, driving up its price.
Alloy 20: Although it has a specialized application in sulfuric acid environments, Alloy 20 is widely used in industries such as chemicals, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Its demand is steady but may not match the high demand for Hastelloy C276 in more severe environments.
The higher mechanical performance and processing requirements of Hastelloy C276 contribute to its higher cost.
3. Application-Specific Considerations:
Hastelloy C276: Its broad corrosion resistance and high mechanical properties make it suitable for a wide range of applications, often in severe corrosion environments. This versatility comes at a premium price.
Alloy 20: Its specialized resistance to sulfuric acid and related environments makes it cost-effective in specific applications. While it may not be as versatile as Hastelloy C276, it is highly effective in its intended use.
The cost of either alloy will also depend on the specific requirements of the application, including the severity of the corrosion environment, the need for welding or other fabrication processes, and the expected lifetime of the equipment. Hastelloy C276 is more advantages in use on industries, and the alloy 20 has the functions of the architecture and other applications.
The higher demand and broader applicability of Hastelloy C276 contribute to its generally higher price.
3. Production Costs and Market Trends:
The production of Hastelloy C276 involves complex alloying processes and high-quality raw materials, resulting in higher production costs compared to Alloy 20. These costs are reflected in the final pricing of the material.
Market trends and supply-demand dynamics also play a role in pricing. Fluctuations in raw material prices, production capacities, and global economic conditions can affect the prices of both alloys.
General Pricing Trends:
In general, Hastelloy C276 tends to be priced higher than Alloy 20 due to its superior corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and broader applicability in harsh industrial environments.
However, the specific price can vary depending on factors such as supplier, region, order quantity, and market conditions.
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Hastelloy C276 Vs Alloy 20 Advantages
1. Exceptional Corrosion Resistance
Hastelloy Alloy C276 exhibits outstanding corrosion resistance to a wide range of aggressive environments. Its high chromium and molybdenum content contribute to its excellent antioxidant and corrosion-resistant properties, especially in chloride-containing environments.
2. High Temperature Strength and Stability
Hastelloy Alloy C276 maintains high strength and hardness at elevated temperatures, up to 1040°C (1900°F). Its mechanical properties remain stable even under high-temperature conditions, particularly in terms of resistance to high-temperature oxidation, chloride corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.
3. Excellent Mechanical Properties
Hastelloy Alloy C276 possesses superior mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility. These properties allow it to withstand large loads and impacts, making it suitable for applications requiring high strength and fatigue resistance.
4. Good Weldability
Hastelloy Alloy C276 has excellent welding performance, allowing for conventional welding methods such as TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and laser welding.
1. Exceptional Corrosion Resistance
Alloy 20 is renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance in a variety of aggressive media, including acids, alkalis, and salt solutions. The high nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) content in the alloy provides outstanding resistance to corrosion, especially in acidic environments.
2. High-Temperature Stability
Alloy 20 maintains its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Its nickel and chromium content contribute to its high-temperature stability, allowing it to perform well in high-temperature environments without significant degradation.
3. Good Mechanical Properties
Alloy 20 possesses excellent mechanical properties, including high strength, hardness, and toughness. It can withstand high pressures and impacts, making it suitable for applications requiring high structural integrity and durability.
4. Excellent Weldability
Alloy 20 has good weldability and can be joined using various welding methods, such as manual arc welding (SMAW), tungsten inert gas welding (GTAW), metal inert gas welding (GMAW), and submerged arc welding (SAW).
Hastelloy C276 Vs Alloy 20 Applications
Applications of Hastelloy C276:
- Chemical Processing: Hastelloy C276 is widely used in manufacturing equipment such as reactors, tanks, piping, and valves that handle aggressive chemicals due to its exceptional corrosion resistance.
- Petrochemical Industry: In the refining and processing of oil and gas, Hastelloy Alloy C276 is used to fabricate equipment like heat exchangers and pumps that must withstand harsh corrosive environments.
- Pollution Control: Its resistance to high-temperature sulfuric acid and other corrosive media makes Hastelloy Alloy C276 ideal for applications in flue gas desulfurization systems and waste gas treatment equipment.
- Power Industry: Hastelloy Alloy C276 is commonly found in gas turbines, boilers, and heat exchangers where it can operate reliably under high temperature and pressure conditions.
- Metallurgical Industry: It is used in high-temperature furnaces, furnace linings, and metal smelting equipment, particularly in atmospheres with corrosion and high temperatures.
- Marine Engineering: Due to its excellent resistance to chloride corrosion, Hastelloy Alloy C276 is used in applications such as seawater desalination and offshore platform construction.
Applications of Alloy 20:
- Chemical Industry: Alloy Metal 20 is used to manufacture equipment for handling acidic media like sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid, such as chemical reactors, storage tanks, piping, and valves.
- Oil and Gas Refining: In the processing of oil and natural gas, Alloy Metal 20 is used to fabricate corrosion-resistant equipment like heat exchangers and pumps.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Alloy Metal 20 is used in the manufacture of equipment and containers that come into contact with corrosive media to ensure hygiene and safety in pharmaceutical processes.
- Food Processing: Its good corrosion resistance and non-toxicity make Alloy Metal 20 suitable for manufacturing food processing equipment, such as beverage cans and piping.
- Marine Environment: Alloy Metal 20 can resist the corrosion of seawater and salt spray, making it suitable for manufacturing marine platforms, ships, and other equipment.
Welding Processability:Alloy Metal 20 has hot and cold working properties, making it easy to form various shapes. The Alloy Metal 20 is easy to forge and is suitable for a variety of industrial equipment for common supply and use.
In Conclusion
While both Hastelloy Alloy C276 and Alloy Metal 20 offer excellent corrosion resistance, their specific compositions and properties make them better suited for different applications. Hastelloy C276’s higher nickel and molybdenum content provides it with superior resistance to reducing environments and stress corrosion cracking, making it ideal for severe corrosive conditions. On the other hand, Alloy 20’s lower cost and good resistance to sulfuric acid make it a more economical choice for certain applications. Huaxiao Metal Supplier has the various alloy products for sale online.
In summary, when choosing between Hastelloy Alloy C276 and Alloy Metal 20, it is important to consider the specific corrosive environment, temperature, and pressure conditions of the application, as well as cost considerations. If you have any purchase needs, please feel free to contact us.